J Endourol. 2016 Feb;30(2):184-8
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the differences among the hemodynamics, neuroendocrine stress response (NESR), and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of pain between the procedures of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for lower pole kidney stones.
Patients and methods: Fifty-six patients undergoing RIRS and PNL with lower puncture approach, under general anesthesia, were prospectively enrolled in our study. Perioperative blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean), heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) values were recorded at intervals. Arterial blood gas (ABG) and blood glucose, serum insulin, and cortisol levels as stress response markers were analyzed in the perioperative period. Postoperative VAS scores were recorded at 30 minutes and 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours after extubation. Duration of surgery, stone sizes, and stone-free rates (SFRs) were noted.
Results: SFRs were 93.3% in the PNL group (28/30 patients) and 88.5% in the RIRS group (23/26 patients) (p = 0.52). There was no statistical difference between the hemodynamics of both groups. Perioperative ABGs and NESRs were similar between groups (p > 0.05). Postoperative VAS scores and analgesic consumptions were also similar between groups (p > 0.05). Duration of surgery was significantly shorter in the RIRS group (p = 0.001). Stone size was significantly higher in the PNL group (p = 0.013).
Conclusion: Although the PNL is assumed to be more invasive than the RIRS procedure among urologists and anesthesiologists, both techniques may have similar perioperative outcomes in terms of hemodynamics, ABG, NESR, and pain scores in the management of lower pole stones with lower pole approach.
While many writers
When you are ready to write the last draft, compose and revise your essay, remember that you have a completely new set of ideas and thoughts that you may choose to include in your next
There are on the web auctions offering great
It’s frequently the case the customer will
This will let you write
This means they won’t
Eventually, they need to be certain that you do not cut corners
You need to always have a certain deadline to get your essay and be certain that you use it in order affordable-papers.net to motivate yourself to complete the essay until its due date.
in the organization of your research paper writing.
attempt to appeal to everything you understand you want to know, but instead they’ll be able to select up the topic you want covered and ensure it is relevant to the kind of information you are trying to find.
the essay and submit it in time for the entrance exam.
want the author to obey a specific format or design.
prices on books.
draft.
will offer a sample of the writing, it is highly advised that you talk to somebody else with writing experience.